X-Message-Number: 13723 From: "Yvan Bozzonetti" <> References: <> Subject: The X-ray generator in QND interferometers. Date: Fri, 12 May 2000 13:16:13 +0200 The X-ray generator. I have said before why the x-ray coherence length must be near 10 000 km in a QND brain reader interferometer. To put that in perspective, the coherence length of a laser diode is only some mm and the best gas laser on the market don't go beyond 100 m. With higher energy radiations, the coherence length falls very fast, so 10 000 km in the X-ray domain is quite a challenge. In fact it seems utterly impossible with lasers in dipolar mode; Some dye lasers are able to produce up to 200 correlated photons at the same time. This process is very slow. The slower the emmission process, the longuer the coherence length can get. Unfortunately, 10 000 km implies a production time of 1/30th of a second far too much for dye molecules in the liquid phase of a dye laser. In fact, no electronics structure in a molecule or an atom can be protected from destructive interactions for that time. (I'll get back to that another day) The simplest solution is then to use the electromagnetics structure of the nucleus, this one is strongly perturbed by the nuclear force, the leak of the quark's colour field. The distorted electromagnetics domain is highly nonlinear and some states have an astounding longevity: Excited cadmuim 113 decays with a half life of 14.6 years, hafnium 178 has an even longuer life: 31 years, but this is nothing compared to tantalum180 whose decay time in beyond 10^15 year, 100 000 times more than the age of the observable Universe. At this scale, 1/30th of one second is not a big requirement. The energy levels seen in above excited atoms give off high energy radiations in the gamma ray domain, x-rays are at a lower scale and most level here are less stable. On the other side, many nuclei have such level ready to be exploited. In the gamma range, excited atoms are produced by some nuclear reactions, in the x-ray domain it seems better to use some coupling between nuclear and electronics level and pump up the nuclear structure with narrow band radiations from a dye laser. Ref. P.Walker and G. Dracoulis, Energy traps in atomic nuclei, Nature, 399, 35-40, 1999. C. B. Collins et al, Accelerated emission of gamma rays from 31-yr isomer of 178 Hf induced by x-ray irradiation, Phys.Rev. Let., 882, 695,-698, 1999. Yvan Bozzonetti. Rate This Message: http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/rate.cgi?msg=13723