X-Message-Number: 14946 From: Keith Rene Dugue <> Subject: ice and glass Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2000 23:30:23 -0800 Dr Ettinger wrote in Message #14938 >f) Another relatively minor point: Fred says cracking or fracturing may occur >in liquid nitrogen. This has not been observed with our procedures. Surely you must recall Brian Wowk's comments about your freezing techniques relative to vitrification? In message #11010 he wrote: "Mr. Ettinger has written about CI's research showing that slow cooling to liquid nitrogen temperatures prevents fracturing of frozen sheep brains. Unfortunately this gives us no reassurance about vitrified brains because frozen brains, consisting of a sintered aggregate of ice and glass, are less likely to fracture than a single monolithic block of glass. Essentially a frozen brain is already fractured in millions of places so it's more difficult for new thermal stress cracks to propagate macroscopically. Ironically, the better you cryoprotectant an organ against ice, the more likely it is to fracture macroscopically at very low temperatures." I don't think that this is a minor point. However I join you in applauding the outstanding work done by all who have committed themselves so that these revolutionary breakthroughs are possible for the rest of us. Keith R. Dugue NO SPAM -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: PGPfreeware 6.5.8 for non-commercial use <http://www.pgp.com> Comment: If you decrypted the above message then store it encrypted mQGiBDULe+YRBADUywd6brECHKAiWuc2uO/fqmnkjTbuawuieSIsYSiW8u2ZEhpH zauVhfn8+qUj0qEDzUsAy6P62zRyxMuyr6XPkqC2IgNYnJU9t0V5erATzV1DipM3 RVJY8TwaByYke2Ze7cALAXR0LcSpWfFDzCUis12WmrxXwsJKaKdo+ow2ywCg/3V8 vG6/7edhuWQaWoLkPE8bFk8D/jsRnV+RMlrz2aClkPKGzhEJ0LMRSrIE0VLATsbd VYNnxi2U/RU7oDiZif/86l4VOs7U1GxcIfPFJpEVMjCRknq4GXiUk4mdG5lWLt3V FikRFAkWePeSMjuAfLuXgxo+TTXvc23C7blKQCejI6rtuuEJL4EFpMYIHDk5FB1f V6b1A/4l1ecDQVgXeEpuQScejADXDdFlAi3JId9W1oGCtJiZuIvetPO9ZgGz17oO MJv5rdyLlP3JlEiTonGYGZHimVPqbAKooJ95ZOmat3IYJ3M6ANWod0WZd0h7ZFiV u/e/dHKw9DY6tza2viL3gugB26VI7JWCMsM0PGd/ONJ/adHNc7QuS2VpdGggUmVu ZSBEdWd1ZSA8a2VpdGguZHVndWVAaW50ZXJuZXRtY2kuY29tPokASwQQEQIACwUC NQt75gQLAwIBAAoJEE79fUZZPbOixEwAoK+KDiymvtybRIhkg4RyNGCmt56EAJ99 91A2zbKAuz9y/UUcxt2PBSo56rkCDQQ1C3vnEAgA9kJXtwh/CBdyorrWqULzBej5 UxE5T7bxbrlLOCDaAadWoxTpj0BV89AHxstDqZSt90xkhkn4DIO9ZekX1KHTUPj1 WV/cdlJPPT2N286Z4VeSWc39uK50T8X8dryDxUcwYc58yWb/Ffm7/ZFexwGq01ue jaClcjrUGvC/RgBYK+X0iP1YTknbzSC0neSRBzZrM2w4DUUdD3yIsxx8Wy2O9vPJ I8BD8KVbGI2Ou1WMuF040zT9fBdXQ6MdGGzeMyEstSr/POGxKUAYEY18hKcKctaG xAMZyAcpesqVDNmWn6vQClCbAkbTCD1mpF1Bn5x8vYlLIhkmuquiXsNV6TILOwAC Agf/aykzIA0XF0OAzcibwNRYL3SgXrZHlyX1V3yjHYOv5pudtNxtUopCj63SkDFD 4EheL7j/EGngu2KbcbbE6plRK2WmdOK4KIuzBgOABoEpglBI6gScwvBDkHezVqyM MdSbe/bzrHFp6G+hKz3fQMuM1VK2PVSYcA+7R7DtIPNh5MIOsmVcqqZsNbh93QlD b2OKvhqitcJqNt8AHQjhQTVI5c5wmzqRtj3xnGrkeBovGfYEXEHJDH6mlQ6aIalL 3z4tDEAeCMlFYxXplU8JQ7xJPhdPgI1zQR1rihJNNBiGrfAAxT8KeS6bcxAo72+5 PXXIXg+tJDsOV6Ihi/ylWt/ygIkARgQYEQIABgUCNQt75wAKCRBO/X1GWT2zom3s AKDssc1uowUMhZObPiKpRNvs9PjUNQCg838E1lzbDC0MGxGSVal5e2LO3Ro= =NGwr -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Rate This Message: http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/rate.cgi?msg=14946