X-Message-Number: 21454 From: Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 13:29:43 EST Subject: vitrification --part1_1df.510539b.2baf5717_boundary Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Brian Stewart asks about vitrification. No doubt others will answer, and there is a discussion on our web site, but very briefly: Vitrification means formation of a state that is seemingly solid but does not have the crystalline structure typical of solids. In the case of water, there are no ice crystals, if the vitrification is complete and perfect. ("Vitreous" means "glassy" and refers to the fact that many glasses lack crystalline structure and will flow very slowly over long periods of time.) Preventing formation of ice crystals will prevent mechanical damage by ice crystals that would otherwise occur, although there can be offsetting disadvantages, including, among other things, toxicity of chemicals used to achieve vitrification. You can visit Alcor's site or talk to them directly for information about their procedures. As we understand it, their current procedure (for neuros only) is intended to achieve vitrification, at least in part, but as far as we know there have been no applications of these procedures to test animals followed by full evaluation of results. They believe the indirect evidence justifies use of the procedures anyway, and of course they may be right. Dr. Yuri Pichugin, director of research for the Cryonics Institute, is engaged in his own program of development of vitrification procedures, and has made what we believe to be significant progress, including the likelihood of bypassing some of the previous obstacles, such as the need for very fast initial cooling. We don't keep our work secret, and have disclosed much of it on our web site and in The Immortalist, but disclosure of the newest work must be delayed, in part because of patent questions. With luck, some time this year we may be able to have a new procedure tested on whole animals and perhaps human cadavers, and fully evaluated. Robert Ettinger Cryonics Institute Immortalist Society www.cryonics.org --part1_1df.510539b.2baf5717_boundary Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII" [ AUTOMATICALLY SKIPPING HTML ENCODING! ] Rate This Message: http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/rate.cgi?msg=21454