X-Message-Number: 22214 From: "mike99" <> Subject: Denial of Life Date: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 15:59:16 -0600 I think the problem with our debate on Cryonet over the psychological theories of Ernest Becker, the nature of religion, and the reality death, is that the participants are arguing from different premises. The Beckerians seem to be oblivious to the sociobiological foundation of living beings, including homo sapiens. I have no doubt that Becker was a compelling writer. Like Freud, however, he seems to be writing from the perspective of one who assumes that psychology is determined primarily by the influences of society and family upon an otherwise independent ego. Biology gets lost. Such a perspective seems quite naive in view of the more compelling arguments of evolutionary psychology that we are primarily evolved, genetic robots controlled by a combination of selfish genes and social information mechanisms (or memes) with, at best, a rational mind of relatively minor influence for most individuals. Now I do not blame Becker for being unaware of sociobiology, which was a theory barely known outside of E. O. Wilson's Harvard offices at the time that Becker died of cancer. Perhaps, had he lived, Becker might have integrated Wilson's insights into his own theories. That, we cannot know. We can be fairly certain, though, that most people lack a constant, pessimistic, terrorized fear of death because such a state of being would be contrary to the survival program of the genes. Remember, individual human beings are the mechanisms by which genes reproduce themselves. Individuals are expendable tools of the (would be) immortal genes. The same can be said of memes, which also use us as the instrumentality of their replication. Terror of death is not managed by some psychological delusion created (unconsciously) by individuals, but rather by psychological tricks created (unconsciously) by sociobiological replicators (genes and memes). In other words, we are not fooling ourselves in some weak-willed fashion; rather, we are being fooled by the underlying systems that comprise us. The reproductive imperative of genes and memes does cloud our rational consideration of our own mortality. It certainly works against the greater awareness of mortality upon which the attraction of cryonics depends. This is a fundamental problem for us as cryonicists. Yet, so far as I understand Becker's approach, it does not help us any better. Becker seems to be saying that we must accept our mortality, embrace it, and move on. No cryonicist wants to do that! We struggle against our mortality, and like the poet Dylan Thomas, "Rage, rage, against the dying of the light. Do not go gentle into that good night." As for religion, I agree with Mike Perry that the term can and should be expanded beyond the type of animism that Boyer describes. While Boyer's concern with spirits and gods and the mental structures that give rise to such beliefs is, I think, accurate, it is not complete. Certain types of religion, such as original Buddhism (which was devoid of concern with gods and spirits, whether or not they existed) took a rational approach to suffering, its causes and cessation. The Buddha did not preach soul survival in an afterlife, but rather the non-existence of any permanent self or soul. Cessation of suffering came with the realization that there was no one to suffer. As soon as an individual realized this, then fear and suffering abated. Cryonics is not Buddhist in this original sense, but these two belief systems do not clash to the same degree that other religious systems do. Buddha claimed that the individual is composed of material elements in a certain arrangement, not immaterial soul. Cryonics would agree. Although Buddha would probably not have advocated trying to achieve physical immortality (or extreme life extension) even were the technology available to him, there is nothing in his teaching that would contradict the scientific premises underlying our hope that cryonics will ultimately work. I think that Venturism, as a rational religion of universal resurrection and unlimited life, is only one step removed from the Buddhist understanding, if not from the Buddhist agenda. I enjoyed reading Mike Perry's first book on immortalism, FOREVER FOR ALL, and look forward to his next book on Venturism. I hope to see more details for the implementation of the ideas he outlined in his earlier work. And I must say that I find great value in such books that honestly acknowledge the reality of death and propose practical (if long term) means for its elimination. Isn't such a practical, realistic hope for eternal life superior to both the myths of traditional religion and the resigned hopelessness of the Beckerians? Regards, Michael LaTorra Member: Extropy Institute: www.extropy.org World Transhumanist Association: www.transhumanism.org Alcor Life Extension Foundation: www.alcor.org Society for Technical Communication: www.stc.org Rate This Message: http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/rate.cgi?msg=22214