X-Message-Number: 22516 From: "mike99" <> Subject: RE: Buddhism without all supernatural mumbo-jumbo Date: Sat, 13 Sep 2003 12:18:53 -0600 Since Buddhism is being discussed now on Cryonet, I felt it appropriate to re-post the following, which I originally sent to 2 Buddhist listservs. I am a Soto Zen Buddhism who has taken vows. My Dharma name is "Gozen" which is the name I used when posting this essay. Michael LaTorra Member: Extropy Institute: www.extropy.org World Transhumanist Association: www.transhumanism.org Alcor Life Extension Foundation: www.alcor.org Society for Technical Communication: www.stc.org ............................................................................ ................. Must Buddhists be believers? Most religions declare a set of tenets that their members must believe in order to be saved, redeemed, liberated or enlightened. These tenets include such ideas as the existence of God, the redeeming work of a Savior, and the existence of an immortal soul or Self. If a person denies any or all of these tenets, he or she is not considered to be a true or orthodox member of that particular religion. Is Buddhism a religion of this type? Did Buddha require such beliefs of his followers? The short answer is No. Among all the religions that have existed in human history, Buddhism is the only major religion that does not require such beliefs of its followers. In place of such beliefs, Buddha told his followers to consider his teaching and then practice it. If the teaching made sense and the practice delivered the benefits the Buddha claimed an end to suffering and the realization of bliss then the teachings and practices would be validated. Some people including some Buddhists have adopted a whole host of beliefs. They believe in gods, demons, immortal souls, etc. This is especially true in the more populist forms of Buddhism that have arisen in countries where Buddhism has existed for many centuries. Such beliefs tend to appear among human beings in every culture and every religion for reasons that may have more to due with evolutionary psychology than with anything that could be called objective reality. (Please read Pascal Boyer s excellent book Religion Explained to understand why this happens.) People are certainly free, in their own minds, to believe whatever they choose and to call themselves whatever they like. They may even call themselves Buddhists. However, the freedom to believe, or not to believe, which these people enjoy must also be extended to other people who call themselves Buddhists and do not believe in gods, ghosts, or eternal Self/Soul entities. These latter, non-believing Buddhists can be properly called atheists and even non-religious. Yet they are legitimate Buddhists because they accept the teaching and carry out the practices given by Buddha. In my opinion, the fact that people with such divergent views as these believers and non-believers can all be called Buddhists is a wonderful thing. The compassionate Buddha wanted to teach the path to end suffering to all sentient beings. He did not want to exclude anyone. And by opening his teaching to all sorts of people of varying beliefs, he made it possible for many more beings to accept his teaching than would otherwise be the case. For the fact is that in our modern world, in North America and to an even greater extent in Europe, a significant percentage of the population considers traditional theistic religions to be little more than superstition. These people, most of whom are well-educated and scientifically literate, cannot be like the Red Queen in Alice in Wonderland who prided herself on believing up to six impossible things before breakfast. People to whom gods and ghosts and souls are so much nonsense can still study and practice Buddhism with a clear conscience. As Buddhists, we may debate the existence of souls and ghosts and gods. We may cite various sources to support our positions. But it would be a shame if we began anathematizing one another as not keeping the true faith (even if that s what we sincerely believe!). Better to let each practice his or her own version of Buddhism. I would rather see a thousand heretical sects than to see a single solemn Inquisition. This is what I believe it is MY personal Buddhism. Gassho. Gozen Rate This Message: http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/rate.cgi?msg=22516