X-Message-Number: 2769 From: Date: Sat, 21 May 94 14:28:43 EDT Subject: CRYONICS wetterau I'm glad to hear from Mr. Wetterau, both as a potential cryonicist and for feedback on philosophy. I don't recall having sent him the Cryonics Institute/Immortalist Society information package. If he (or anyone else) cares to supply a mailing address, we'll be glad to send that without charge. Now about the Natural History of Values: There seem to be two main reasons why it is so hard to make myself clear. One is that natural/traditional language is ill suited to the task. The other is that one must compromise between succinctness and clarity--the latter demanding frequent, tiresome reminders of the many caveats, qualifications, and limitations of the current discussion. Mostly, Mr. Wetterau's points are well taken; but they do not refute my thesis. Instead, they partly anticipate some of the complications and problems. Some of these are resolved in the approach itself, while others await experimental clarification. For the most part, my viewpoint includes his, or in some cases corrects or improves it. Let me try again, within the constraints of reasonable brevity. Consider his reductio-ad-absurdum, that maximization of personal future feel-good would aim for perpetual orgasm or some such. Not so, for several reasons. One obvious reason is that we seek to maximize the PROBABILITY of achieving the goal, and opium eaters are defenseless; thus eating opium cannot maximize the probability of survival, let alone satisfaction. A second reason is that achieving a fixed STATE can hardly be appropriate, since any sense of passage of time seems to require CHANGE. Wants are not fixed or static; we want to eat, but not always, and not always to the same degree; it depends on context and previous history. Even more important, we have not yet solved the problem of understanding and comparing different types of satisfaction or pleasure or utility, ascertaining whether they are fundamental or derivative, whether they can safely or usefully be edited or modified, which are "real" and which delusory or accidental, etc. Clearly, the self circuit was formed and modified under external and internal influences, evolution in the usual sense and also through exchanges with other parts/aspects of the brain. It is crucial to understand exactly how this works. As one type of problem, consider the soldier. >From an evolutionary standpoint, the soldier psyche developed because communities (before that, families) were more likely to survive/prevail (at least under some circumstances) if people were willing to risk their lives for others or for a "principle." From a short-term training or conditioning standpoint, soldiers can (more or less) be made to respond quickly and unquestioningly to orders just by repetitive drills, along with propaganda. To what extent do these types of training involve modifications of the Self Circuit? To what extent does conditioning (habit) bypass the Self Circuit and exert a separate type of influence and constitute a separate type of (spurious?) "value?" There seem to be two possible extreme outcomes to the investigation of these matters. At one extreme, the Self Circuit contains/defines the only valid criterion or criteria of basic value, and all derivative values must conform or be seen as bogus. At the other extreme, all values are arbitrary or accidental, and at a particular moment you can do no more than accept what you are, because if you try to change your values you change yourself and "you" no longer exist. I suspect the first is closer to reality--although, again, there is no guarantee that any answer satisfactory to us even exists; the universe may not be user-friendly. Mr. Wetterau seems to conclude by saying that our most general and basic goal is self-actualization (Maslow-like), and this is certainly built into us at least to some extent. Runners like to run, jumpers like to jump, painters like to paint, etc. But this avoids the basic issue--how to tell if particular activities are VALID either as ends or as means. I believe I have developed at least partial, tentative answers--not final or conclusive, but much more scientific than anything preceding. I think my viewpoint can advance both immediate, practical life strategies and the research that will reveal more. Reminder to new readers--to make much sense of this, one must read the previous postings, at a minimum. Again in haste--R.C.W. Ettinger Rate This Message: http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/rate.cgi?msg=2769