X-Message-Number: 29889 Date: Sun, 7 Oct 2007 12:25:22 -0700 From: "Jeff Davis" <> Subject: Transmembrane cryoprotectant transport Getting the cryoprotectant cocktail past the cell membrane and into the cell is crucial. There are (so I've heard) many candidate cryoprotectants with favorable characteristics which are unusable because they don't readily cross the cell membrane. It would seem then that routine effective transmembrane transport could bring a marked improvement in cryosuspension quality by making any and all cryoprotectant candidates available for use without regard to their native "membrane permeability". The following article: Developing a modular, nanoparticle drug delivery system http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-10/vu-dam100507.php seems to suggest progress in that direction. Other candidates for effective transmembrane transport include viral vectors and custom synthetic liposomes. And if you're thinking along these lines and making a wishlist, then look for a cell-specific targeting system which distinguishes and pointedly targets each of the different cell types, and then delivers a cell-specific ( ie tailored to that specific cell type) cryoprotectant cocktail. Achieving such a system would move us past the "stone age" of cryonics. Current capabilities and the trajectory of research suggest to me that these are reasonable goals. We shall see. -- Best, Jeff Davis "Everything's hard till you know how to do it." Ray Charles Rate This Message: http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/rate.cgi?msg=29889