X-Message-Number: 30347
Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2008 21:33:27 -0800 (PST)
From: 
Subject: The most effective cryoprotectant is ...

[Lactamide has outperformed all other cryoprotectants that it has been
tested against (see below). However at $17,390 per kilogram it is
understandible if this cryoprotectant has never become popular. Compare
this price to dimethylsulfoxide's price of $155 per liter.]

DL-Lactamide: 10g (Spectum Branded)
Category: Fine Chemicals
CAS: 65144-02-7
Characteristics:
Functional Use:
Grade:
Details:
Formula: C3H7NO2
Formulat Weight: F.W. 89.09
DOT PSN:
Storage: Store Below 0?C; keep tightly closed.
Keywords: DL-Lactic Acid Amide
SKU: L3611-10GM
PRICE: 173.90

Dimethyl Sulfoxide, USP: 20L (Spectum Branded)
Category: Natural Products/Extracts
CAS: 67-68-5
Characteristics:
Functional Use:
Grade: USP
Details:
Formula: C2H6OS
Formulat Weight: F.W. 78.13
DOT PSN:
Storage: LIGHT SENSITIVE, HYGROSCOPIC: Keep tightly closed in
light-resistant containers.
Keywords: Methyl Sulfoxide; DMSO
SKU: D1258-20LT
PRICE: 3,109.05

J Reprod Dev. 2006 Aug;52(4):511-6. Epub 2006 May 8.
Comparison of glycerol, lactamide, acetamide and dimethylsulfoxide as
cryoprotectants of Japanese white rabbit spermatozoa.
  Kashiwazaki N, Okuda Y, Seita Y, Hisamatsu S, Sonoki S, Shino M,
Masaoka T, Inomata T. Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Japan.
  The rabbit is considered to be a valuable laboratory animal. We
compared glycerol, lactamide, acetamide, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as
cryoprotectants in egg-yolk diluent of ejaculated Japanese white rabbit
spermatozoa for improvement of sperm cryopreservation methods. Rabbit
semen was frozen with 1.0 M glycerol, lactamide, acetamide, or DMSO in
plastic straws. Forward progressive motility and plasma membrane
integrity of the post-thaw spermatozoa were examined. The rate of forward
progressive motile spermatozoa in lactamide (37.8 +/- 3.0%) was
significantly (P<0.05) higher than in glycerol (17.0 +/- 3.3%). In
addition, the rates of sperm plasma membrane integrity in lactamide and
acetamide (35.9 +/- 3.3% and 30.2 +/- 3.0%, respectively) were
significantly (P<0.05) higher than in glycerol (17.0 +/- 2.6%). The
results indicate that 1.0 M lactamide and acetamide have higher
cryoprotective effects than 1.0 M glycerol for cryopreservation of
Japanese white rabbit spermatozoa.
PMID: 16679717

J Reprod Fertil. 1980 Sep;60(1):247-52.
Cryoprotective effects of some amides on rabbit spermatozoa.
  Hanada A, Nagase H.
Semen was diluted 1:9 with egg yolk-citrate medium containing 0.31--3.1 M
(final concentration) formamide, butyramide, acetamide, propionamide,
dimethylformamide, lactamide, malomide, ethylene glycol, trimethylene
glycol, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) or glycerol. After 30 min incubation at
20 degrees C, sperm motility was superior in hypertonic solutions of
acetamide, lactamide, dimethylsulphoxide, trimethylene glycol and
ethylene glycol. Some of these compounds were added to semen diluted 1:2
in an isotonic egg-yolk-glucose-lactose-raffinose solution and frozen by
the pellet method. Relatively good survival of motility was obtained in
1.0 M-DMSO, -lactamide or -acetamide. Dimethylformamide (0.5 M), ethylene
glycol (0.5--1.5 M), trimethylene glycol (1.5 M) and propionamide (0.75
M) also gave some protection. Insemination of does with semen frozen and
thawed with 1.0 M-DMSO, -lactamide or acetamide gave fertilization rates
of 68--88%, and 84% (38/45) of does gave birth to an average of 5.3
young.
PMID: 7431324

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