X-Message-Number: 32580
Date: Thu, 6 May 2010 21:14:45 -0700 (PDT)
From:
Subject: Kaempferol may inhibit aging
[Kaempferol appears to be the flavonoid of choice for antiaging purposes.]
Age (Dordr). 2010 Jun;32(2):197-208. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
Kaempferol modulates pro-inflammatory NF-kappaB activation by suppressing
advanced glycation endproducts-induced NADPH oxidase.
Kim JM, Lee EK, Kim DH, Yu BP, Chung HY. Department of Pharmacy, College of
Pharmacy, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjun-dong, Gumjung-gu, Busan
609-735, Korea.
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) are oxidative products formed from the
reaction between carbohydrates and a free amino group of proteins that are
provoked by reactive species (RS). It is also known that AGE enhance the
generation of RS and that the binding of AGE to a specific AGE receptor
(RAGE) induces the activation of the redox-sensitive, pro-inflammatory
transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). In this current study,
we investigated the anti-oxidative effects of short-term kaempferol
supplementation on the age-related formation of AGE and the binding activity
of RAGE in aged rat kidney. We further investigated the suppressive action
of kaempferol against AGE's ability to stimulate activation of
pro-inflammatory NF-kB and its molecular mechanisms. For this study, we
utilized young (6 months old), old (24 months old), and kaempferol-fed (2
and 4 mg/kg/day for 10 days) old rats. In addition, for the molecular work,
the rat endothelial cell line, YPEN-1 was used. The results show that AGE
and RAGE were increased during aging and that these increases were blunted
by kaempferol. In addition, dietary kaempferol reduced age-related increases
in NF-kappaB activity and NF-kB-dependant pro-inflammatory gene activity.
The most significant new finding from this study is that kaempferol
supplementation prevented age-related NF-kappaB activation by suppressing
AGE-induced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH
oxidase). Taken together, our results demonstrated that dietary kaempferol
exerts its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions by modulating the
age-related NF-kappaB signaling cascade and its pro-inflammatory genes by
suppressing AGE-induced NADPH oxidase activation. Based on these data,
dietary kaempferol is proposed as a possible anti-AGE agent that may have
the potential for use in anti-inflammation therapies.
PMID: 20431987
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010 Feb 23;74(2):397-401. Epub 2010 Feb 7.
Protective effects of kaempferol (3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) against amyloid
beta peptide (Abeta)-induced neurotoxicity in ICR mice.
Kim JK, Choi SJ, Cho HY, Hwang HJ, Kim YJ, Lim ST, Kim CJ, Kim HK, Peterson S,
Shin DH. Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic
of Korea.
Abstract
To determine the effects of kaempferol, rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12)
and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were utilized as neuronal
models. Using in vitro assays, kaempferol was shown to have protective
effects against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.
Administration of kaempferol also significantly reversed amyloid beta
peptide (Abeta)-induced impaired performance in a Y-maze test. Taken
altogether, the results reported here suggest that further investigation is
warranted of the influence of kaempferol on pathways related to Alzheimer's
disease.
PMID: 20139605
Free text>
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb/74/2/397/_pdf
[Kaempferol was the only flavonoid which reduced burn-induced skin injuries.]
BMB Rep. 2010 Jan;43(1):46-51.
Protection of burn-induced skin injuries by the flavonoid kaempferol.
Park BK, Lee S, Seo JN, Rhee JW, Park JB, Kim YS, Choi IG, Kim YE, Lee Y, Kwon
HJ. Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University,
Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
Abstract
Thermal burn injury induces inflammatory cell infiltrates in the dermis and
thickening of the epidermis. Following a burn injury, various mediators,
including reactive oxygen species (ROS), are produced in macrophages and
neutrophils, exposing all tissues to oxidative injury. The anti-oxidant
activities of flavonoids have been widely exploited to scavenge ROS. In this
study, we observed that several flavonoids-kaempferol, quercetin, fisetin,
and chrysin-inhibit LPS-induced IL-8 promoter activation in RAW 264.7 cells.
In contrast with quercetin and fisetin, pretreatment of kaempferol and
chrysin did not decrease cell viability. Inflammatory cell infiltrates in
the dermis and thickening of the epidermis induced by burn injuries in mice
was relieved by kaempferol treatment. However, the injury was worsened by
fisetin, quercetin, and chrysin. Expression of TNF-a induced by burn
injuries was decreased by kaempferol. These findings suggest the potential
use of kaempferol as a therapeutic in thermal burn-induced skin injuries.
[BMB reports 2010; 43(1): 46-51].
PMID: 20132735
Free text>
http://www.bmbreports.org/fulltext/bmbreports/view.php?vol=43&page=46
[However there appears to be a synergism between kaempferol and chrysin.]
Inflamm Res. 2010 Mar 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Flavonoid combinations cause synergistic inhibition of proinflammatory mediator
secretion from lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells.
Harasstani OA, Moin S, Tham CL, Liew CY, Ismail N, Rajajendram R, Harith HH,
Zakaria ZA, Mohamad AS, Sulaiman MR, Israf DA. Department of Biomedical Science,
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400,
Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We evaluated several flavonoid combinations for synergy in the
inhibition of proinflammatory mediator synthesis in the RAW 264.7 cellular
model of inflammation. METHODS: The inhibitory effect of chrysin,
kaempferol, morin, silibinin, quercetin, diosmin and hesperidin upon nitric
oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-alpha) secretion from the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 monocytic macrophage
was assessed and IC(50) values obtained. Flavonoids that showed reasonable
inhibitory effects in at least two out of the three assays were combined in
a series of fixed IC(50) ratios and reassessed for inhibition of NO, PGE(2)
and TNF-alpha. Dose-response curves were generated and interactions were
analysed using isobolographic analysis. RESULTS: The experiments showed that
only chrysin, kaempferol, morin, and silibinin were potent enough to
produce dose-response effects upon at least two out of the three mediators
assayed. Combinations of these four flavonoids showed that several
combinations afforded highly significant synergistic effects. CONCLUSIONS:
Some flavonoids are synergistic in their anti-inflammatory effects when
combined. In particular chrysin and kaempferol significantly synergised in
their inhibitory effect upon NO, PGE(2) and TNF-alpha secretion. These
findings open further avenues of research into combinatorial therapeutics of
inflammatory-related diseases and the pharmacology of flavonoid synergy.
PMID: 20221843
J Neurochem. 2009 Oct;111(2):473-87. Epub 2009 Aug 13.
Kaempferol protects against rat striatal degeneration induced by
3-nitropropionic acid.
Lagoa R, Lopez-Sanchez C, Samhan-Arias AK, Ganan CM, Garcia-Martinez V,
Gutierrez-Merino C. Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
Abstract
3-Nitropropionic acid (NPA) produces degeneration of striatum and some
neurological disturbances characteristic of Huntington's disease in rodents
and primates. We have shown that the flavonoid kaempferol largely reduced
striatal damage induced by cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion in rats
(Lopez-Sanchez et al. 2007). In this work, we report that intraperitoneal
(i.p.) administration of kaempferol affords an efficient protection against
NPA-induced neurodegeneration in Wistar rats. We studied the effects of
daily i.p. injections of 7, 14 and 21 mg of kaempferol/kg body weight during
the NPA-treatment (25 mg/kg body weight/12 h i.p., for 5 days) on the
neurological deficits, degeneration of rat striatum and oxidative stress
markers. Intraperitoneal injections of 14-21 mg of kaempferol/kg body weight
largely attenuated motor deficit and delayed mortality. The higher dose of
kaempferol prevented the appearance of NPA-induced striatal lesions up to
the end of treatment, as revealed by haematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL staining,
and also NPA-induced oxidative stress, because it blocked the fall of
reduced glutathione and the increase of protein nitrotyrosines in
NPA-treated rats. It was found that striatal degeneration was associated
with calpains activation and a large inactivation of creatine kinase, which
were also prevented when the higher doses of kaempferol were administered.
PMID: 19682208
J Med Food. 2009 Apr;12(2):351-8.
The anti-inflammatory effect of kaempferol in aged kidney tissues: the
involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB via nuclear factor-inducing kinase/IkappaB
kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
Park MJ, Lee EK, Heo HS, Kim MS, Sung B, Kim MK, Lee J, Kim ND, Anton S, Choi
JS, Yu BP, Chung HY. Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National
University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
Kaempferol, one of the phytoestrogens, is found in berries and Brassica and
Allium species and is known to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory
properties. In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanisms
underlying the anti-inflammation effect of kaempferol in an aged animal
model. To examine the effect of kaempferol in aged Sprague-Dawley rats,
kaempferol was fed at 2 or 4 mg/kg/day for 10 days. The data show that
kaempferol exhibited the ability to maintain redox balance. Kaempferol
suppressed nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and expression of
its target genes cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, monocyte
chemoattractant protein-1, and regulated upon activation, and normal T-cell
expressed and secreted in aged rat kidney and in
tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced YPEN-1 cells. Furthermore, kaempferol
suppressed the increase of the pro-inflammatory NF-kappaB cascade through
modulation of nuclear factor-inducing kinase (NIK)/IkappaB kinase (IKK) and
mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in aged rat kidney. Based on these
results, we concluded that anti-oxidative kaempferol suppressed the
activation of inflammatory NF-kappaB transcription factor through NIK/IKK
and MAPKs in aged rat kidney.
PMID: 19459737
[Eat your greens.]
J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Aug 26;57(16):7401-8.
Identification of the phenolic components of collard greens, kale, and Chinese
broccoli.
Lin LZ, Harnly JM. Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory,
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Building-161, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705,
USA.
Abstract
An LC-MS profiling method was used for a comprehensive study of the phenolic
components of collard greens, kale, and Chinese broccoli, three Brassica
green leafy vegetables. This study led to the identification of 45
flavonoids and 13 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in the three vegetables.
Most of the identifications were based on comparison of compounds previously
reported in the literature for Brassica vegetables. The results indicate
that the three materials have very similar phenolic component profiles. For
each, kaempferol glycosides and acylgentiobiosides were the major phenolic
compounds, quercetin glycosides were minor compounds, and most of the
flavononol glycosides existed in their acylated forms. In addition, each of
the materials contained caffeoyl-, p-coumaroyl-, and feruloylquinic acid
monomers with a 3-position derivative as the dominant isomer. This is the
first report for most of these phenolics in collard greens and Chinese
broccoli and for >20 of them in kale.
PMID: 19627150
Rate This Message: http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/rate.cgi?msg=32580