X-Message-Number: 33132
Date: Fri, 24 Dec 2010 13:12:30 -0800 (PST)
From:
Subject: is trans-palmitoleic acid the longevity secret of Japanese
Dairy products contain trans-palmitoleic acid, which in turn is associated with
higher HDL, lower C-reactive protein levels, as well as other longevity
indicators. Survival of Japanese centenarians who favoured dairy products turned
out to be highest in all dietary subgroups. Could trans-palmitoleic acid
increase human maximum lifespan?
Ann Intern Med. 2010 Dec 21;153(12):790-9.
Trans-palmitoleic Acid, metabolic risk factors, and new-onset diabetes in u.s.
Adults: a cohort study.
Mozaffarian D, Cao H, King IB, Lemaitre RN, Song X, Siscovick DS, Hotamisligil
GS. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard School of
Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
Maryland; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Abstract
Background: Palmitoleic acid (cis-16:1n-7), which is produced by endogenous
fat synthesis, has been linked to both beneficial and deleterious metabolic
effects, potentially confounded by diverse determinants and tissue sources
of endogenous production. Trans-palmitoleate (trans-16:1n-7) represents a
distinctly exogenous source of 16:1n-7, unconfounded by endogenous synthesis
or its determinants, that may be uniquely informative. Objective: To
investigate whether circulating trans-palmitoleate is independently related
to lower metabolic risk and incident type 2 diabetes. Design: Prospective
cohort study from 1992 to 2006. Setting: Four U.S. communities. Patients:
3736 adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Measurements: Anthropometric
characteristics and levels of plasma phospholipid fatty acids, blood
lipids, inflammatory markers, and glucose-insulin measured at baseline in
1992 and dietary habits measured 3 years earlier. Multivariate-adjusted
models were used to investigate how demographic, clinical, and lifestyle
factors independently related to plasma phospholipid trans-palmitoleate; how
trans-palmitoleate related to major metabolic risk factors; and how
trans-palmitoleate related to new-onset diabetes (304 incident cases).
Findings were validated for metabolic risk factors in an independent cohort
of 327 women. Results: In multivariate analyses, whole-fat dairy consumption
was most strongly associated with higher trans-palmitoleate levels. Higher
trans-palmitoleate levels were associated with slightly lower adiposity and,
independently, with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels
(1.9% across quintiles; P = 0.040), lower triglyceride levels (-19.0%; P <
0.001), a lower total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol ratio (-4.7%; P < 0.001),
lower C-reactive protein levels (-13.8%; P = 0.05), and lower insulin
resistance (-16.7%, P < 0.001). Trans-palmitoleate was also associated with
a substantially lower incidence of diabetes, with multivariate hazard ratios
of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.64) and 0.38 (CI, 0.24 to 0.62) in quintiles 4
and 5 versus quintile 1 (P for trend < 0.001). Findings were independent of
estimated dairy consumption or other fatty acid dairy biomarkers. Protective
associations with metabolic risk factors were confirmed in the validation
cohort. Limitation: Results could be affected by measurement error or
residual confounding. Conclusion: Circulating trans-palmitoleate is
associated with lower insulin resistance, presence of atherogenic
dyslipidemia, and incident diabetes. Our findings may explain previously
observed metabolic benefits of dairy consumption and support the need for
detailed further experimental and clinical investigation. Primary Funding
Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institute of
Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of
Health.
PMID: 21173413
After 7 additional years the only surviving Japanese centenarians were those who
favoured dairy products.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2003 Apr;49(2):133-8.
Dietary patterns and further survival in Japanese centenarians.
Shimizu K, Takeda S, Noji H, Hirose N, Ebihara Y, Arai Y, Hamamatsu M, Nakazawa
S, Gondo Y, Konishi K.
Health Care Center, Shoko-Chukin Bank, 2-10-17 Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0028,
Japan.
Abstract
We have previously reported that centenarians (persons > or = 100 y old) in
Tokyo prefer dairy products. Dietary preferences may be associated with
longevity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship
between dietary patterns and further survival in centenarians. During
1992-1999, we examined the dietary practices of 104 centenarians (29 men and
75 women; mean age, 100.3 +/- 0.9 y) who lived in the Tokyo metropolitan
area. Dietary patterns were classified by kappa-means cluster analysis. As
clinical co-variables, we considered activities of daily living, cognitive
function, nutritional status, presence of important disease, gender, and age
at the time of the initial survey. Survival data were recorded yearly until
2001, and then tested with Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log rank
statistic. Four dietary patterns were identified: a pattern preferring
vegetables (n = 33), a pattern preferring dairy products (n = 26), a pattern
preferring beverages (n = 10), and a pattern preferring cereals (n = 35).
No clinical variables differed between the four dietary patterns. In 2001,
28 centenarians were still alive. The survival rate for those preferring
dairy products was the highest of the four dietary patterns; in particular,
being significantly higher than the pattern preferring beverages (p =
0.048). A dietary pattern preferring dairy products was associated with
increased survival in Tokyo-area centenarians.
PMID: 12887160
Note that cis-palmitoleic acid is not beneficial.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Dec;92(6):1350-8. Epub 2010 Oct 13.
Circulating palmitoleic acid and risk of metabolic abnormalities and new-onset
diabetes.
Mozaffarian D, Cao H, King IB, Lemaitre RN, Song X, Siscovick DS, Hotamisligil
GS. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Laboratory, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School and
Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Animal experiments suggest that circulating palmitoleic acid
(cis-16:1n-7) from adipocyte de novo fatty acid synthesis may directly
regulate insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the independent determinants of circulating
palmitoleate in free-living humans and whether palmitoleate is related to lower
metabolic risk and the incidence of diabetes.
DESIGN: In a prospective cohort of 3630 US men and women in the Cardiovascular
Health Study, plasma phospholipid fatty acids, anthropometric variables, blood
lipids, inflammatory markers, and glucose and insulin concentrations were
measured between 1992 and 2006 by using standardized methods. Independent
determinants of plasma phospholipid palmitoleate and relations of palmitoleate
with metabolic risk factors were investigated by using multivariable-adjusted
linear regression. Relations with incident diabetes (296 incident cases) were
investigated by using Cox proportional hazards.
RESULTS: The mean ( SD) palmitoleate value was 0.49 0.20% (range: 0.11-2.55%)
of total fatty acids. Greater body mass index, carbohydrate intake, protein
intake, and alcohol use were each independent lifestyle correlates of higher
palmitoleate concentrations. In multivariable analyses that adjusted for these
factors and other potential confounders, higher palmitoleate concentrations were
independently associated with lower LDL cholesterol (P < 0.001), higher HDL
cholesterol (P < 0.001), lower total:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P = 0.04), and lower
fibrinogen (P < 0.001). However, palmitoleate was also associated with higher
triglycerides (P < 0.001) and (in men only) with greater insulin resistance (P <
0.001). Palmitoleate was not significantly associated with incident diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: Adiposity (energy imbalance), carbohydrate consumption, and alcohol
use-even within typical ranges-are associated with higher circulating
palmitoleate concentrations. Circulating palmitoleate is robustly associated
with multiple metabolic risk factors but in mixed directions, perhaps related to
divergent lifestyle determinants or endogenous sources (liver, adipose tissue)
of fatty acid synthesis.
PMID: 20943795
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