X-Message-Number: 33289 Date: Sat, 29 Jan 2011 10:27:34 -0800 (PST) From: Subject: neurogenesis In Message #33280 wrote: > there is essentially no neuronal cell division in the cerebral > cortex of humans after the perinatal period. > (Spalding KL, Bhardwaj RD, Buchholz BA, Druid H, Frisen J. (2005) > Here's an update on the subject of neurogenesis, with some suggestions on how to stimulate it. Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Apr 1;63(7):650-5. Epub 2007 Dec 11. New interneurons in the adult neocortex: small, sparse, but significant? Cameron HA, Dayer AG. Unit on Neuroplasticity, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda , Maryland 20892, USA. Abstract During the last decade, the intense study of adult hippocampal neurogenesis has led to several new lines of inquiry in the field of psychiatry. Although it is generally believed that adult mammalian neurogenesis is restricted to the hippocampus and olfactory bulb, a growing number of studies have described new neurons in the adult neocortex in both rodents and nonhuman primates. Interestingly, all of the new neurons observed in these studies have features of interneurons rather than pyramidal cells, the largest neuronal population of the neocortex. In this review, we discuss features of these interneurons that may explain why cortical neurogenesis has been so difficult to detect. In addition, these features suggest ways that production of even a small numbers of new neurons in the adult cortex could make a significant impact on neocortical function. PMID: 18067877 Free text> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2423203/pdf/nihms43219.pdf Blueberry pie anyone? Nutr Neurosci. 2004 Oct-Dec;7(5-6):309-16. Modulation of hippocampal plasticity and cognitive behavior by short-term blueberry supplementation in aged rats. Casadesus G, Shukitt-Hale B, Stellwagen HM, Zhu X, Lee HG, Smith MA, Joseph JA. USDA, HNRC on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. Abstract During aging, reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis are associated with memory decline indicating a causal relationship. Indeed, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a major activator of the extracellular receptor kinase pathway that is central in learning and memory processes, is also a key modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis. Previously, we showed that age-related declines in spatial memory tasks can be improved by antioxidant-rich diets containing blueberries. In this study, to begin to understand the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of blueberries, we assessed changes in hippocampal plasticity parameters such as hippocampal neurogenesis, extracellular receptor kinase activation, and IGF-1 and IGF-1R levels in blueberry-supplemented aged animals. Our results show that all these parameters of hippocampal neuronal plasticity are increased in supplemented animals and aspects such as proliferation, extracellular receptor kinase activation and IGF-1 and IGF-1R levels correlate with improvements in spatial memory. Therefore, cognitive improvements afforded by polyphenolic-rich fruits such as blueberries appear, in part, to be mediated by their effects on hippocampal plasticity. PMID: 15682927 Maybe mad scientists are onto something after all. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011 Feb;65(1):77-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02170.x. Chronic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. Ueyama E, Ukai S, Ogawa A, Yamamoto M, Kawaguchi S, Ishii R, Shinosaki K. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. Abstract Aim: While the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for depression remain unclear, recent animal studies have suggested that hippocampal neurogenesis might be required for the effects of antidepressant treatments including antidepressant drugs and electroconvulsive therapy. The aim of this study was to examine chronic rTMS effects on hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. Methods: Using a 70-mm figure-of-eight coil, the stimulating parameters were set to 25 Hz and 70% of the rTMS device's maximum power. For 14 consecutive days, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and 1000 pulses of rTMS were administered daily. Cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus was examined with immunohistochemistry. Results: In the rTMS-treated group, BrdU-positive cells were significantly increased in the dentate gyrus. Conclusion: Our results suggest that hippocampal neurogenesis might be involved in the antidepressant effects of chronic rTMS. C 2011 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences C 2011 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology. PMID: 21265939 Rate This Message: http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/rate.cgi?msg=33289