X-Message-Number: 5275 From: Date: Mon, 27 Nov 1995 10:08:16 -0500 Subject: signal speed A minor correction to John Clark's #5270: He discusses signal speeds with electrons conducting electric current vs. heavy ions. But the signal speed is not the same as the speed of the particles involved, if there are particles. (You don't have to have charged particles moving to get electric current; you only need changing magnetic fields, as in Maxwell's equations.) Ordinary electic currents involve moving electrons, but the electrons move much more slowly than the signal, which moves with the speed of light. For an analogy, imagine a long train, and ask yourself how long it takes, after the engine begins to move, before the caboose begins to move. The speed of the cars has very little to do with it; it is the tightness of the coupling that counts. Neurological signals (those that have been studied) are indeed much slower than signals in a telephone wire, but not because heavy ions necessarily imply a slow signal--rather, apparently, because the neurological signals seem to have other components besides the purely electrical. Robert Ettinger Rate This Message: http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/rate.cgi?msg=5275