X-Message-Number: 9519
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 1998 02:28:38 -0400
From: Paul Wakfer <>
Subject: Re: CryoNet #9497 Cheap Storage

Note: I sent this message to cryonet on Friday 10 hours before the
CryoNet digest is automatically put together, but it did not appear in
Saturday's digest.
Please excuse the repetition if both appear in this digest.

> Message #9497
> Date: Thu, 16 Apr 1998 12:30:04 -0400
> From: John Bull <>
> Subject: Paul Wakfer & Cheap Storage
> 
> In Cryonet #9491 Paul Wakfer states "the amortized yearly cost of  CI
> storage is at least as high as that of CryoSpan and Alcor." Paul, have
> you factored in the inevitable repair costs to these dewars?

Yes I have, but I believe your use of the word "inevitable"
needs some elucidation. While it is true that some manufactured
dewars have developed leaks and have needed repair and 
re-evacuation in a 10 year time frame, there are many that 
have been in continuous service for decades. It it not at all
clear what the MTBF (mean time between failures) of a modern,
well engineered and constructed dewar will be. Modern dewars
are all welded type 304 stainless steel which has been found 
to be best for this purpose. If they are not abused by moving 
and tipping, etc. and especially if they are kept in a cool, 
dry, nitrogen gas environment, as are the CryoSpan dewars in
their underground reinforced concrete silos, I see no reason 
why leaks or other failures should *ever* develop (at least 
only in geologic time). If they really needed constant repair 
and re-evacuation, why would stainless steel dewar technology 
have become the standard in many industries which also do not
want loss of contents nor higher long range costs, and 
fiberglass/foam technology has been largely abandoned?

> My personal experience goes back to one bought in 1969 by a good friend
> of mine, from Minnesota Valley and Engineering Co. It carried a ten year
> guarantee (not much when you consider what it was to be used for). It
> lasted just about ten years before losing it's vacuum. We had to remove
> the bodies and haul it too a repair shop in the New York City area. The
> "repair" lasted about two years. The second time we didn't get to the
> capsule in time, the bodies thawed out and were later buried.

Alcor's and CryoSpan's dewars are not made by MVE anymore
(but, in any case, MVE now makes far superior dewars than
they used to), they are made by a master dewar repair,
evacuation and stainless steel welding firm in the LA area,
CryoTech. Most of the dewars which CryoTech repairs have been
used constantly for delivery during which they take very hard
abuse. CryoTech makes dewars to order with modifications 
specified by the customer and with special and extra wrapping 
of foil and paper to achieve a low boil off rate. While CryoTech 
is always busy and *may* take a long time to effect a repair, 
they are relatively close by (at least to CryoSpan) and *could* 
(and would if pressed) effect any repair within a two week time 
frame. When scheduled and organized properly, the job of 
unloading the dewar, removing it from the silo and delivering it
to CryoTech would be 1/2 to 1 day depending on how full of 
patients the dewar was or if it has already needed to be 
unloaded because of a fast leak. This was actually done once 
when we realized that the second dewar that had been delivered 
did not have as low a boil-off rate as it should have and we 
took it back. It was an easy job since there were only a few 
neuros in the bottom which we were able to put in our A8000,
5 neuro patient dewar while the big one was been checked. We
do have a fiberglass box which we could use for short term LN2 
storage of whole body patients if we needed to.

> CI's oldest fiberglass cryostat is eleven years old, has never been
> repaired, and shows no sign of needing repair.

Since CryoSpan has only had dewars for 4 1/2 years, I cannot
given any comparable information. Perhaps Hugh Hixon are 
someone else at Alcor could comment on whatever repairs, 
if any, have been needed to their dewars, some of which are 
older than 11 years. Don't forget also that the older style 
dewars which needed repair and were difficult to open and 
remove patients from (and possibly damaging to the patient 
in doing so), were horizontal sealed units. Today's dewars 
are vertical and open topped and the patients are all 
surrounded by additional aluminum or stainless steel containers.

> Additionally while CI's
> LN2 cost per patient may be higher than Alcor's and CryoSpan, this cost
> per patient will come down as CI builds bigger cryostats.

There are two things wrong with this reasoning. If Alcor 
and CryoSpan stay with -196'C LN2 immersion storage, I 
expect they both will build bigger dewars too and achieve 
even lower boiloff rates. Second, research progress at 
21CM suggest that this will not likely happen now, since
vitrification storage and certainly fully perfected suspended
animation storage will almost certainly require patient 
maintenance it a "cold room" at a temperature quite far above
LN2. At that time both the dewar technology of Alcor/CryoSpan 
*and* the fiberglass/foam technology of CI will be obsolete
for patients cryopreserved by the best current methods.

Thanks for your reply. I don't really wish to get into a long
drawn out debate over this issue. Again I urge those interested
to see the more detailed debate in CryoCare Report.

My point was simply that it is not at all clear or necessarily
true that CI storage technology is cheaper or superior to that
of other organizations. Everyone must weigh the pros and cons 
of each and make their choice.

-- Paul --

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