X-Message-Number: 9717
Date: Fri, 15 May 1998 11:21:11 -0700 (PDT)
From: Doug Skrecky <>
Subject: reducing butanol toxicity

Authors
  Boutron P.  Peyridieu JF.
Institution
  Laboratoire Louis Neel, C.N.R.S., Grenoble, France.
Title
  Reduction in toxicity for red blood cells in buffered solutions containing
  high concentrations of 2,3-butanediol by trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol, or
  mannitol.
Source
  Cryobiology.  31(4):367-73, 1994 Aug.
Abstract
  Erythrocytes were stored at 4 degrees C in solutions of phosphate-buffered
  saline containing 2,3-butanediol and 4% (w/w) trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol,
  or mannitol. The 2,3-butanediol contained 96.7% (w/w)
  racemic mixture of the levo and dextro isomers and only 3.1% (w/w) of the
  meso isomer (2,3-butanediol 97% dl). The concentrations of 2,3-butanediol
  were 30 and 35% (w/w). A solution of 30% 2,3-butanediol showed relatively low
  toxicity. Hemolysis was only 2% after 5 h, but increased to 6% after 21 h and
  reached 60% after 46 h. Adding 4% (w/w) of one of the above compounds
  drastically decreased the toxicity. The two most efficient were the sugars
  trehalose and sucrose. With 30% 2,3-butanediol and 4% of any of the four
  compounds, hemolysis was about 0.6% after 2 days of storage. Furthermore,
  with trehalose or sucrose, hemolysis remained below 3% for 1 month. With
  sorbitol or mannitol, hemolysis slowly increased to 2% after
  7 days and then increased rapidly. Even with 35% 2,3-butanediol, solutions
  containing trehalose or sucrose showed low toxicity. Hemolysis was also
  measured after redilution to buffered solution without 2,3-butanediol and
  without the additive, to mimic perfusion of organs with cryoprotectants and
  washing. Minima of hemolysis were observed after a few days of storage. The
  present solutions also have high glass-forming tendencies. They could be of
  great interest for organ vitrification.

Note: Of the tested additives only sorbitol shows significant permeation
across cell membranes.

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